Ghana’s electricity consumption has grown significantly over the years, with customers increasing from 932,598 in 2000 to 5,566,711 in 2022 at an annual average growth rate of 8.5%. Residential customers constitute the majority with 86%, while non-residential customers and special load tariff (SLT) customers who are large energy consumers make up 14% and 0.04%, respectively. ECG holds the majority share among distribution entities, with 79.6%, followed by NEDCO (20.4%) and EPC (0.003%).
Electricity Consumption by Sectors (GWh)
The graph depicts electricity consumption across sectors from 2000 to 2022, with the total consumption showing an overall annual growth rate of approximately 4.7%.
In 2022, Ghana’s electricity consumption saw a marginal increase across sectors. The residential sector, constituting 40.5% of total consumption, reached 7,111 GWh, reflecting a marginal increase from the previous year’s figure of 6,959 GWh. The industrial sector maintained a substantial share at 42.3%, consuming 7,428 GWh, showing a slight uptick from 2021. Likewise, the service sector saw a slight increase, representing 16.9% with 2,965 GWh.
Customer Population by Classification
In 2022, Ghana’s distribution utilities customer population continued to be predominantly residential, constituting approximately 86% of the total. Non-residential customers accounted for around 13.98%, while SLT comprised a marginal 0.04%.
The residential customer population refers to private households, while the non-residential customer group is made up mostly of commercial entities. SLT are end-users who are large energy consumers like mining companies. These classifications further determine the applicable tariff to the customer.